Schutz , Robert W . TITLE - ' . . Specific Problems in theMeasurement ' of Change ; Longitudinal Studies , Differente Scores , and Multivariate Analyses

ABSTRACT The measarement of change is such a broad topic` that this arti cle 'must limit its focus to /a few_specific subtopics,: These .specific topidS include: longitudinal research design, attrAztion in research studies, the statisticalarialysis of difference sabres,-and the comparison of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis; of variance (MANOVA) techniques in analyzing repeated measures data. The' purpose and sampling.techFiques, as welt as the internal and external validity 'are discussed, for' each'meas'Orement., technique...The author concludes thatd considerabl4 number problems are inherent in'the measurement andkanalyses'of change, especially in research designs'of a longitudinal nature.-fibwever, ",'most. of.thesa'prOblems can be avoided with sufficient care' and pIanninAjipr the .research Project. tbe-: crot nail setluential type designs which are required foilialid mea ures 'of developmental change are very costly--but necesSaty'lf the researp is-to.have any scientific value. Multivariate st tistical procedures utilizing complete data ,sets will provide for va id and r latively powerful tests of hypotheses. (Author/MY)